What is Marine Insurance?
Marine insurance definition refers to the insurance of goods dispatched from the country of origin to the country of destination. The term originates from the fact that goods intended for international trade were traditionally transported by sea. Despite what the name implies, marine insurance is applicable to all modes of transportation of goods. When the goods are sent by air, their insurance is also known as marine cargo insurance.
Insurance is often compulsory in many export trade contracts. It can be the obligation of the exporter or the importer to pay the insurance cost on the shipment, depending on the terms of the contract. However, the need for insurance goes beyond contractual obligations, and there are several valid arguments for buying it before dispatching the export cargo.
Goods should only be insured for transit by one of the following three parties:
• The Forwarding Agent
• The Exporter
• The Importer
How Marine Insurance works?
Marine insurance transfers the liability of the goods from the parties and intermediaries involved to the insurance company. The legal liability of the intermediaries handling the goods is limited to begin with. The exporter, instead of bearing the sole responsibility of the goods, can buy an insurance policy and get coverage for the exported goods against any possible loss or damage.
The carrier of the goods, be it the airline or the shipping company, may bear the cost of damages and losses to the goods while on board. However, the compensation agreed upon is mostly on a ‘per package’ or ‘per consignment’ basis. The coverage so provided may not be sufficient to cover the cost of the goods shipped. Therefore, exporters prefer to ship their products after getting it insured the same with an insurance company.
Marine insurance is necessary to meet the contractual obligations of exports. To align with agreements such as cost insurance and freight (CIF) or carriage and insurance paid (CIP), the exporter needs to take marine insurance to protect the buyer’s or their bank’s interest and honor the contractual obligation. Similarly, in the case of Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) and Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) terms, the seller may not be obligated to insure the goods, although in practice they generally do.
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